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3.2. Protoctistas: o reino das excepcións

 

Glosario

Descomposición

Protozoos descompeñendo restos de seres vivos

Definición:

Proceso polo cal os organismos degradan materia orgánica (restos de seres vivos)  en substancias máis simples.

Exemplo:

Moitos protoctistas, xunto con bacterias e fungos, participan na descomposición dos restos de seres vivos que caen no chan.

O reino da mestura

O reino protoctista está formado por organismos moi diversos que non encaixan nos outros reinos (Moneras, Fungos, Plantas e Animais) polo que é un grupo heteroxéneo e complexo. Foron os primeiros organismos con células eucariotas. 

Inclúe protozoos, algas e os mixomicetos, que poden ser microscópicos ou macroscópicos, unicelulares ou pluricelulares simples e viven en medios acuáticos e terrestres.

Protoctistas similares ás plantas → Algas

Algas macroscópicasAs algas son moito máis ca simples habitantes do mar. Presentes en augas doces e salgadas, estes organismos poden adoptar formas e tons sorprendentes, dende o verde vibrante das algas microscópicas ata os tons vermellos e marróns das macroalgas. A gran variedade de algas inclúe o seu tamaño, as formas e unha boa cantidade de adaptacións. Sabías que algunhas están afeitas a vivir onde as ondas baten forte mentres que outras precisan augas moi calmas?

Protoctistas similares aos animais → Protozoos

Paramecio

Imaxina que hai seres tan pequenos que viven sen que ninguén os vexa. Non teñen ollos, pero móvense. Non teñen boca, pero comen. Están na auga, na terra, e mesmo en lugares que nunca imaxinarías.

A simple vista non parecen nada… Pero ao mirar por un microscopio, descóbrese todo un universo en miniatura. Alí viven criaturas sorprendentes, con formas estrañas e movementos misteriosos. Algunhas semellan monstros diminutos; outras, bailaríns que flotan na auga.

Son os grandes descoñecidos da natureza, e teñen historias que contar.

Protoctistas similares aos fungos → Mixomicetos

Imaxe dun mixomicetoParecen fungos porque viven en lugares húmidos e se alimentan de materia en descomposición, pero non son verdadeiros fungos. Os mixomicetos son como criaturas dun conto fantástico: raros, lentos e brillantes. Algúns teñen cores tan rechamantes que semellan xoguetes esquecidos no monte.

Ninguén os ve a diario, pero están aí, facendo a súa vida en segredo. Son pequenos, pero cargados de misterios. Se algunha vez ves algo que se move moi amodo por unha rama caída... pode que sexa un deles.

Non os estudaremos nesta unidade.

Na súa maioría viven no mundo microscópico. Isto quere dicir que non se ven a simple vista, pero non significa que todos sexan pequenos: algunhas algas verdes miden só 1 micrómetro mentres que certas algas pardas poden chegar a medir 100 metros!

Que é 1  micrómetro? é unha medida moi pequena que equivale a 0,001 milímetros (mm)

Para que te fagas unha idea:

  • Un cabelo humano mide entre 20 e 100 micrómetro de grosor.
  • A tea de araña pode ter só 1 micrómetro
  • Un gran de pole mide máis ou menos 8 micrómetros.
  • As partículas que miden menos de 1 micrómetros son invisible ao ollo humano

Preme na icona do ollo para poder visualizalo.

Lectura facilitada

  • Os protoctistas forman un reino moi variado e curioso.
  • Foron os primeiros seres formados por células eucariotas
  • Algúns fan a fotosíntese como as algas e son micro e macroscópicos.
  • Outros móvense e capturan alimento como os protozoos e son microscópicos.
  • A maioría viven na auga.

Apoio visual

Nesta imaxe aumentada, podemos ver o tamaño relativo dun pelo humano, un fío de tea de araña e grans de pole.

Tamaño relativo de pelo, fío de telaraña e grans de pole.

Descobre

Parabéns, fixeches pleno!!!

Cada pardal co seu igual.

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012
O navegador non é compatible con esta ferramenta.

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