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3.2. Zoa o vento

Zoa o vento

Fotografía do papel manuscrito a bolígrafo do capítulo

Pasaron os anos e Martiño fíxose un home. Seguía a visitar o Mosteiro cando a brétema baixaba. Mais agora algo mudara. A néboa xa non traía só silencio, senón varias melodías ao tempo, entrecruzadas coma as ramas dos carballos.

Un día, sentado nos claustros do mosteiro, Martiño coñeceu a Xoana, unha moza que viña de Compostela cargada de partituras. Traía con ela un libro brillante, onde as notas eran puntos ordenados en cinco liñas rectas: o pentagrama.

—Isto é música do noso tempo —díxolle Xoana—. Xa non só cantamos para Deus, agora tamén cantamos para a beleza, para a arte, para o goce de crear.

Martiño pechou os ollos. O recordo do canto gregoriano aínda vivía nel, sereno e profundo, mais agora entendía que a música era coma o vento: non se pode deter, só seguir o seu zoar.

Xoana viña cun grupo de mozos e mozas que se colocaron formando unha roda.

—Hoxe non vimos só cantar —dixo ela—. Hoxe vimos bailar.

Comezou a soar un ritmo vivo e elegante.

—A música non só se escoita, tamén se bailan danzas como as pavanas, gallardas e branles— dixo Xoana.

E así, naquela tarde de vento e danza, o mosteiro volveu a cobrar vida.

Preme aquí para descargar o traballo en PDF

Entre cadros e danzas

Na época histórica na que transcorre o capítulo "Zoa o vento" a pintura representou a danza en diferentes escenas, tanto relixiosas como laicas. Escoita con atención as músicas que naceron xunto a estas grandes obras pictóricas. Preme no cadro para aprecialo de preto.

"O baile da voda" de Pieter Bruegel

Cadro O Baile da Voda de Pieter II Brueghel no que se ve xente bailando nunha festa

"O xardín das delicias" de El Bosco

Cadro central de O xardín das delicias de El Bosco exposto no Museo do Prado

"A Primavera" de Sandro Botticelli

Cadro Primavera de Botticelli onde se observa mulleres danzando

"Carnaval en Venecia" de Hieronymus Francken I

Cadro Carnaval en Venecia de Hieronymus Francken I no que se ve un baile nunha corte



Baila

As danzas cortesás foron protagonistas das celebracións no Renacemento. Nos eventos sociais adoitábase bailar tanto en parella como en grupo. Practica o seguinte Branle cos teus compañeiros e compañeiras.

Os pasos do Branle

Estes son os movementos principais dos teus pés. Preme na imaxe para descargala.

Explicación da grafía empregada para representar os pasos do baile

Ordena a danza.

Ordena os pasos da danza arrastrando cada imaxe ata a súa posición correcta. Preme no símbolo de "pantalla completa" para ver mellor as imaxes.

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Para saber máis

O Renacemento

Fotografía dun clavicordio ben conservado

A palabra Renacemento provén de “renacer”. Nesta época entre 1450 e 1600, a música europea puxo en valor o rexurdimento da cultura da antiga Grecia e Roma (grecolatina). 

As características principais da música foron:

  • As composicións tornáronse máis expresivas que na música medieval.
  • As pezas musicais fusionan as liñas melódicas no canto de producir contrastes entre elas.
  • Na música eclesiástica compuxéronse misas, motetes e himnos.
  • Na música laica (non relixiosa) cultívanse as cancións, triunfa entre elas o madrigal; as danzas como pavanas e gallardas e tamén pezas instrumentais como variacións e canzonas.

Contexto social

Cadro A Gioconda de Leonardo da Vinci

Nace en Italia e despraza a concepción de deus como centro, situando agora ao home (humanismo).

Prodúcese a separación entre igrexa e estado. Remata a sociedade feudal e o poder concéntrase nos reis. Emerxe a burguesía.

Prodúcese o descubrimento de América.

Avances científicos:

  • Nicolao Copérnico: o sol é o centro e a terra xira arredor.
  • Galileo Galilei: lei da inercia.
  • René Descartes: xeometría analítica.
  • Andreas Vesalio: base da anatomía moderna.
  • Isaac Newton: leis do movemento.

Artistas como Miguel Ángel e Leonardo da Vinci .

Compositores

Unha páxina orixinal da Missa alma redemptoris de Luis de Victoria

Francia:

  • Josquin Des Prez
  • Guillaume Dufay

Italia:

  • Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
  • Claudio Monteverdi

España:

  • Juan del Enzina
  • Tomás Luis de Victoria

Lectura facilitada

O Renacemento

Época entre 1450 e 1600. A música europea puxo en valor o rexurdimento da cultura da antiga Grecia e Roma (grecolatina). 

As características principais da música foron:

  • As composicións fanse máis expresivas.
  • As pezas musicais fusionan as liñas melódicas.
  • Na música eclesiástica compuxéronse misas, motetes, e himnos.
  • Na música laica (non relixiosa) cultívanse as cancións; as danzas como pavanas e gallardas e tamén pezas instrumentais.

Contexto social

Nace en Italia.

Sitúa ao home como centro (humanismo).

Prodúcese a separación entre igrexa e estado.

Emerxe a burguesía.

Prodúcese o descubrimento de América.

Avances científicos:

  • Nicolao Copérnico: o sol é o centro e a terra xira arredor.
  • Galileo Galilei: lei da inercia.
  • René Descartes: xeometría analítica.
  • Andreas Vesalio: base da anatomía moderna.
  • Isaac Newton: leis do movemento.

Artistas como Miguel Ángel e Leonardo da Vinci .

Compositores

Francia:

  • Josquin Des Prez
  • Guillaume Dufay

Italia:

  • Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
  • Claudio Monteverdi

España:

  • Juan del Enzina
  • Tomás Luis de Victoria.

Grazas por unha nova aventura

Fuches quen de desfrutar da historia de Martiño e de vivir e experimentar musicalmente o Renacemento a través da danza.

Cando chegues á fase 4 serás capaz de ordenar todo o conto e coñecer así o transcorrer da historia da música. 

Segue así! cada vez estás máis preto de acadar o reto.

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