# 3.5. O ascensor musical

# Chanzos en branco e negro

### Piano interactivo

Prema nas teclas para soar

## Explora

### 1. En busca do patrón

- Sabes que os teclados dos pianos teñen teclas brancas e negras, pero, sabes cal é a súa distribución?
- Observa o teclado, es capaz de atopar un patrón que se repite?
- Cando sobes unhas escaleiras, esperas que entre chanzo e chanzo haxa a mesma distancia?
- No seguinte apartado atoparás pistas que che axudarán a comprender a que se debe o patrón das teclas negras.

### 2. A escala máis popular

Coñeces a sucesión de notas Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La Si, Do´ case tan ben como os nomes dos teus compañeiros e compañeiras de clase, pero a escala de Do Maior garda segredos que seguramente aínda non coñeces:

- Esta escala serve de modelo para todas as escalas maiores.
- A distancia entre notas mídese en tons e semitóns, pero non hai a mesma entre todas elas.
- Para tocala no piano só precisas premer teclas brancas.
- Entre as notas consecutivas da escala a distancia é de 1 ton, salvo entre Mi-Fa e Si-Do, que están separadas por 1/2 ton ou semitón.

### 3. A, B, C... ou La, Si, Do...

Observaches algunhas letras do abecedario sobre as teclas do piano interactivo, non si?

Eses nomes das notas que tan ben coñeces non se chaman igual nos países que utilizan o sistema de notación musical anglosaxón, de base alfabética:

A B C D E F G

La Si Do Re Mi Fa Sol

- Con todas estas pistas, es quen de localizar o Do no teclado? Efectivamente, o Do (C) está xusto antes das dúas teclas negras!
- Se segues a tocar as teclas brancas chegas ao Mi e ao Fa. Agora xa sabes que o motivo de que non exista unha tecla negra entre Mi - Fa é que a distancia é dun semitón ou medio ton.
- Sigue a orde das notas nas teclas brancas e chegas a Si e Do, tamén cunha distancia de semitón e sen tecla negra entre elas.
- E cando premes as teclas negras, que notas soan? Terás que seguir adiante... queda moito por descifrar!

### 4. Un piano atronador

Pensas que un piano perfectamente afinado pode soar mal?

- Toca a escala de Do Maior amodiño e suave.
- Agora, preme as teclas ao chou (brancas e negras) moi rápido e forte.

Cal das dúas situacións che lembra máis ao concepto de contaminación acústica?

Por que cres que os sons agradables do piano poden resultar molestos e chegar a provocar cansazo e incluso dor de cabeza?

Pensas que ten algo que ver a falta de organización ou estrutura?

## Lectura facilitada

En busca do patrón

- Os pianos teñen teclas brancas e negras cunha distribución concreta.

A escala máis popular

- Seguro que coñeces estas notas: Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Si, Do’.
- Esta escala chámase escala de Do Maior.
- A distancia entre notas mídese en tons e semitóns, pero non é sempre a mesma.
- Entre case todas as notas que van seguidas hai 1 ton de distancia. Pero hai dúas excepcións:

Entre Mi - Fa e Si - Do hai só medio ton ou semitón.

A, B, C ou La, Si, Do

- Nalgúns países úsanse letras para nomear as notas musicais.
- O sistema é o seguinte:

A B C D E F G

La Si Do Re Mi Fa Sol

- Con todas estas pistas, es quen de localizar o Do no teclado?
- Efectivamente, o Do (C) está xusto antes das dúas teclas negras!

Un piano atronador

- Toca a escala de Do Maior amodiño e suave.
- Agora, preme as teclas ao chou (brancas e negras) moi rápido e forte.
- Cando se tocan notas musicais moi forte e sen orde, prodúcese contaminación acústica.

## Audio

audio/mpeg

# Unha mensaxe secreta

Hoxe non se pode falar no instituto, pero queres enviar unha mensaxe secreta para organizar un ensaio co teu grupo no auditorio.

O auditorio está nun entresollado entre o primeiro e segundo piso.

Fas chegar unha tarxeta cun "#" ás persoas cuxa aula está no primeiro andar e envías outra diferente cun "♭" aos que están no segundo.

Ao acabar o ensaio, entrégaslles un "♮" para que volvan á súa aula.

Que significa isto?

## Audio

audio/mpeg

## Descifrando a mensaxe

A mensaxe secreta indica que as persoas deben actuar como notas musicais e cada andar do instituto funciona como un ton da escala.

Para chegar ao lugar de encontro é preciso descifrar que:

- # significa subir medio ton, é dicir, media planta.
- ♭ significa exactamente o contrario, baixar media planta.
- ♮ significa que volvan á súa posición natural, é dicir, á súa aula!

## Audio

audio/mpeg

# As alteracións

## Díese

A # ou díese indica que a nota á que afecta debe soar un semitón máis agudo que o seu son natural.

## Bemol

O ♭ ou bemol indica que a nota á que afecta debe soar un semitón máis grave ca o seu son natural.

## Becuadro

O ♮ ou becuadro indica que unha nota, antes afectada por unha díese ou por un bemol, recobra o seu son natural.

## Audio

audio/mpeg

## Apoio visual

# Sabes o código

2

Observa as letras, identifica e enche as palabras que faltan.

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