4.- Alan Turing

Alan Mathison Turing was born on June 23, 1912 in Maida Vale, London. He was a mathematician, logician, analyst and computer scientist who is considered to be the father of theoretical computer science.

He developed the Turing Machine, which was a device that printed symbols on paper tape in a manner that simulated a person following a series of logical instructions. He also developed the Turing Test, which is test for intelligence in a computer, requiring that a human being should be unable to distinguish the machine from another human being by using the replies to questions put to both.

During the Second World War, Turing worked for the Government Code and Cypher School at Bletchley Park. He was responsible for breaking the German codes sent by the Enigma machine. This allowed the Allies to defeat the Nazis in many crucial battles.

Turing was imprisoned in 1952 for homosexual acts, which was a criminal offence in the UK at that time. He was offered chemical castration treatment, as an alternative to prison but he couldn't stand it.Turing died in 1954, injecting cyanide in an apple and biting it. Some people say that the Apple Logo is a tribute to Alan Turing.