- Unit 8. Philosophy and Science
- Getting Started
  - What Are We Learning
  - Observe and Think
  - Map Your Mind
- Philosophy and Science
  - First Steps of Science
    - Some Scientific Principles
    - Numbers and Paradoxes
    - First Steps of Medicine
    - Greek Tecnological Achievements
  - Philosophy
    - Socrates
    - Plato
    - Aristotle
    - Epicureans and Stoics
    - A Wall for Reflection
- Self-Evaluation Quiz
- Complementary Activities
  - The Greek and Latin Roots of English
  - One Myth, One Song
  - Games, Comics and Stuff
- References

« Previous | Next »

# Epicureans and Stoics

Two important philosophical groups developed in the Hellenistic Age: the Epicureans and the Stoics. They focused on the individual, not on nature. They sought a meaning for human life. What were their responses?

### Epicureans

The founder Epicurus gave the group its name. They intended to lead the human being to happiness which for them meant serenity. For this, one needs to get oneself free from fear of the Gods and of death.

In terms of morals, they stated that the best way to be happy and not sad was to desire only the strict necessities. It's wanting superfluous things that leads to pain.

### Stoics

Its founder was Zeno and the name of the group was derived from their meeting point: the Stoa. They assumed that one cannot have everything one desires, but it is acceptable to try to obtain everything one can reasonably get. So, the point is not to desire what you cannot get. Furthermore, they think that destiny is unavoidable so the best way to be happy is to accept it with resignation. Therefore the conclusion is that happiness is in what we have, not in what we desire.

## Activity: Diogenes

Diogenes was a famous Epicurean. Interpret this painting: what is Diogenes doing? Describe everything you see. Why does he live this way? What will the refined ladies who are looking at him be thinking ? Click to enlarge.

Have you heard of the "Diogenes Syndrome"? What is it about? Is it fair or unfair that such a syndrome has the name of this philosopher?

Think about it
What is the etymology of the adjective "stoical"? Does it have to do with the Stoics?
Absolutely, yes! The word comes from the name of the Stoic group. It is a vital actitude consisting of enduring pain and hardship without showing one's feelings or complaining.
« Previous | Next »