# 2.2. A voz humana

## Glosario

## Tesitura

Definición:

  Conxunto de notas que unha persoa pode cantar con comodidade, boa calidade e control, sen esforzo. Por outra banda o ámbito inclúe todas as notas posibles, tamén as máis difíciles.

Exemplo:

  A súa tesitura está entre o do grave e o fa agudo: nese rango canta cómodo e soa ben.

## Timbre

Definición:

  A cor da voz, cada persoa ten unha única e recoñecible. Depende dos harmónicos naturais e da técnica vocal, así como de factores anatómicos e biolóxicos que son únicos.

Exemplo:

  Recoñezo a súa voz polo seu timbre: é cálida, chea de cor, é completamente única.

# Non todas as voces son iguais

En cursos anteriores estudaches a clasificación das voces. Recorda que a clasificación estándar é de 2 tipos

En xéneros: masculino ou feminino.

En tesitura e timbre: soprano, mezzosoprano, contralto, tenor, barítono e baixo.

Preme nas distintas partes da imaxe para descubrir algúns exemplos.

## Audio

audio/mpeg

2

Preme sobre as áreas da imaxe.

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# Agrupacións vocais

Recorda agora como se chamaban algunhas agrupacións vocais.

## Conxunto vocal

Agrupacións máis pequenas que un coro. Poden ser dúos, tríos, cuartetos...

## Voces femininas

Coro formado por voces de mulleres.

## Voces graves

Coro formado por voces masculinas.

## Voces brancas

Coro formado por nenas e nenos que non chegaron a adolescencia.

## Coro mixto

Coro formado por voces masculinas e femininas.

## Audio

audio/mpeg

# Repasa con actividades

Ponte a proba e demostra o que sabes, realiza algunha das seguintes opcións:

# Opción A: Sabes clasificar as voces?

Atréveste a clasificar as voces das seguintes cancións que, de seguro, coñeces?. Se non fose así, sempre é un bo momento para descubrilas!

2
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O navegador non é compatible con esta ferramenta.

# Opción B: Taboleiro vocal

Lanza o dado e responde á pregunta ata completar todos os queixos.

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# Outras voces

As clasificacións que acabamos de ver serven para a música occidental. Pero noutras culturas utilizan a voz de maneira diferente á nosa e sería moi difícil intentar que encaixara dentro dos nosos parámetros. A continuación verás algúns exemplos de voces que non podemos clasificar como soprano ou baixo, incluso pode que te preguntes se realmente iso é cantar. Recorda, non podes xulgar a outras culturas porque sintas estrañeza ante o que ves. O que vas escoitar a continuación utiliza técnicas moi complexas que leva moito tempo aprender.

## Canto difónico

Consiste en cantar dous sons á vez. Como se consigue? O cantante emite un son real e é capaz de usar os seus resoadores para amplificar algúns harmónicos agudos.

No seguinte vídeo vemos como un pai de Mongolia e a súa filla interpretan unha melodía tradicional a dúo.

## Yodel

O yodel é unha técnica vocal que consiste en cambiar moi rápido de voz de peito a voz de cabeza. Para que sexa posible é preciso ter un gran control do aparato respiratorio aínda que nos pode soar moi natural.

Este tipo de canto procede das zonas alpinas de Suiza, Austria e Alemaña e nun principio usábase para a comunicación a longa distancia.

## Canto Inuit

Dúas mulleres inuit colócanse moi preto, fronte a fronte, e comezan a producir sons guturais e rítmicos coa gorxa. Unha marca o patrón principal e a outra responde, creando unha especie de diálogo musical moi rápido e repetitivo.

O canto baséase na respiración, na resistencia e na coordinación entre ambas as dúas. Os sons lembran ruídos da natureza: o vento, os animais ou os movementos da neve. A interpretación adoita ser tamén un xogo: vai acelerando ata que unha das cantoras queda sen aire ou rompe a rir.

O resultado é unha música ancestral, física e comunitaria, que se transmite de xeración en xeración dentro da cultura inuit.

## Lectura facilitada

Noutras culturas non se poden clasificar as voces como soprano ou baixo.
Usan técnicas vocais complexas que nos poden parecer estrañas.
Non debemos xulgar outras culturas xa que estas formas de canto forman parte da cultura dun pobo como o teu.

O canto difónico permite facer dous sons á vez.
O yodel cambia rápido entre dous tipos de voz.
O canto inuit faise entre dúas persoas fronte a fronte.

## Audio

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