3.5. O ascensor musical

Chanzos en branco e negro

Piano interactivo

Prema nas teclas para soar

Explora

Pictograma dunha persoa observando unha pegada con lupa.1. En busca do patrón

  • Sabes que os teclados dos pianos teñen teclas brancas e negras, pero, sabes cal é a súa distribución? 
  • Observa o teclado, es capaz de atopar un patrón que se repite?
  • Cando sobes unhas escaleiras, esperas que entre chanzo e chanzo haxa a mesma distancia?
  • No seguinte apartado atoparás pistas que che axudarán a comprender a que se debe o patrón das teclas negras.

Pictograma dunha persoa escoitando música coa man na orella e notas musicais ao redor da cabeza.2. A escala máis popular

Coñeces a sucesión de notas Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La Si, Do´ case tan ben como os nomes dos teus compañeiros e compañeiras de clase, pero a escala de Do Maior garda segredos que seguramente aínda non coñeces:

  • Esta escala serve de modelo para todas as escalas maiores.
  • A distancia entre notas mídese en tons e semitóns, pero non hai a mesma entre todas elas.
  • Para tocala no piano só precisas premer teclas brancas. 
  • Entre as notas consecutivas da escala a distancia é de 1 ton, salvo entre Mi-Fa e Si-Do, que están separadas por 1/2 ton ou semitón. 
Escala de Do con indicacións dos tons e semitóns.

Letras maiúsculas A, B e C.3. A, B, C... ou La, Si, Do...

Observaches algunhas letras do abecedario sobre as teclas do piano interactivo, non si? 

Eses nomes das notas que tan ben coñeces non se chaman igual nos países que utilizan o sistema de notación musical anglosaxón, de base alfabética: 

A    B    C    D    E    F    G

  La   Si   Do  Re  Mi  Fa   Sol 

  • Con todas estas pistas, es quen de localizar o Do no teclado? Efectivamente, o Do (C) está xusto antes das dúas teclas negras! 
  • Se segues a tocar as teclas brancas chegas ao Mi e ao Fa. Agora xa sabes que o motivo de que non exista unha tecla negra entre Mi - Fa é que a distancia é dun semitón ou medio ton. 
  • Sigue a orde das notas nas teclas brancas e chegas a Si e Do, tamén cunha distancia de semitón e sen tecla negra entre elas. 
  • E cando premes as teclas negras, que notas soan? Terás que seguir adiante... queda moito por descifrar! 

Pictograma dunha man tocando unha tecla dun teclado4. Un piano atronador

Pensas que un piano perfectamente afinado pode soar mal?

  • Toca a escala de Do Maior amodiño e suave.
  • Agora, preme as teclas ao chou (brancas e negras) moi rápido e forte.

Cal das dúas situacións che lembra máis ao concepto de contaminación acústica?

Por que cres que os sons agradables do piano poden resultar molestos e chegar a provocar cansazo e incluso dor de cabeza? 

Pensas que ten algo que ver a falta de organización ou estrutura?

Lectura facilitada

En busca do patrón

  • Os pianos teñen teclas brancas e negras cunha distribución concreta.

A escala máis popular

  • Seguro que coñeces estas notas: Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Si, Do’.
  • Esta escala chámase escala de Do Maior.
  • A distancia entre notas mídese en tons e semitóns, pero non é sempre a mesma. 
  • Entre case todas as notas que van seguidas hai 1 ton de distancia. Pero hai dúas excepcións: 

Entre Mi - Fa e Si - Do hai só medio ton ou semitón.

Escala de Do con indicacións dos tonos e semitonos

A, B, C ou La, Si, Do

  • Nalgúns países úsanse letras para nomear as notas musicais.
  • O sistema é o seguinte:

A    B    C    D    E    F    G

La   Si   Do  Re  Mi  Fa   Sol 

  • Con todas estas pistas, es quen de localizar o Do no teclado?
  • Efectivamente, o Do (C) está xusto antes das dúas teclas negras! 

Un piano atronador

  • Toca a escala de Do Maior amodiño e suave.
  • Agora, preme as teclas ao chou (brancas e negras) moi rápido e forte.
  • Cando se tocan notas musicais moi forte e sen orde, prodúcese contaminación acústica.

Unha mensaxe secreta

Escaleira de caracol vista desde arriba.

Hoxe non se pode falar no instituto, pero queres enviar unha mensaxe secreta para organizar un ensaio co teu grupo no auditorio.

O auditorio está nun entresollado entre o primeiro e segundo piso.

Fas chegar unha tarxeta cun "#" ás persoas cuxa aula está no primeiro andar e envías outra diferente cun "♭" aos que están no segundo.

Ao acabar o ensaio, entrégaslles un "♮" para que volvan á súa aula.

Que significa isto?

Descifrando a mensaxe

A mensaxe secreta indica que as persoas deben actuar como notas musicais e cada andar do instituto funciona como un ton da escala.

Para chegar ao lugar de encontro é preciso descifrar que:

  • # significa subir medio ton, é dicir, media planta.
  • ♭ significa exactamente o contrario, baixar media planta.
  • ♮ significa que volvan á súa posición natural, é dicir, á súa aula! 

As alteracións

Díese 

A # ou díese indica que a nota á que afecta debe soar un semitón máis agudo que o seu son natural.

Bemol

O ♭ ou bemol indica que a nota á que afecta debe soar un semitón máis grave ca o seu son natural.

Becuadro

O ♮ ou becuadro indica que unha nota, antes afectada por unha díese ou por un bemol, recobra o seu son natural.

Apoio visual

Alteracións musicais e o seu significado.

Sabes o código

2

Observa as letras, identifica e enche as palabras que faltan.

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O navegador non é compatible con esta ferramenta.

Páxina 12 de 22

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